The Individual, Faith, and Society Comparison Paper

Thomas Hobbes was a thinker in English and is today known for his political philosophical work. His most famous book which made political way of thinking establishment for him in the West was Leviathan†distributed in the year 1651. Hobbes fundamental point of view in the book was implicit agreement hire professional writers theory.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Individual, Faith, and Society Comparison Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hobbes lived from1588 to 1679 and during his lifetime made an extraordinary effect on individuals with his political way of thinking and perspectives. This paper primarily looks at the connection between Thomas Hobbes as an individual, confidence and the general public evident in his two significant works from the mid seventeenth century-Human Nature (1650) and Leviathan (1651). The idea of the individual Thomas Hobbes was conceived in a poor family without any wealth, incomparability or impact. He was the child of town vicar who was disfavored by the world. Hobbes anyway was fortunate enough to go to class by the assistance of his affluent uncle who financed his training. Hobbes scholarly capacities were created and perceived subsequent to experiencing deliberate instructing in Latin and Greek works of art. His scholarly abilities figured out how to oversee him to Oxford University and later on using good judgment and develop character, Hobbes found the opportunity to coach Cavendishes a youngster from an honorable family in England. Hobbes figured out how to approach power as a result of his pragmatic and scholarly capacities demonstrating plainly the idea of individual he was as a person. We can say that he was a tireless man who never surrendered effectively and that is the reason he figured out how to reach far. Later on, his difficult work empowered him to turn into a math mentor to King Charles II. This anyway didn't make Hobbes a predominant individual, it predetermined that he was certainl y defenseless and mindful of intensity. Hobbes figured out how to defeat all the political and social ruins that influenced his life and which were the significant things that formed the manner in which he was thinking. These variables didn't frustrate his scholarly development. This shows how standard Hobbes was, he didn't permit the encompassing influence his development in spite of the way that it influenced his musings. Being a guide molded his composition and perusing extension which at last empowered him to turn into the best distributer in Europe. While he was a mentor, he figured out how to get in contact with incredible and honorable English educated people of his time like Francis Bacon. He likewise figured out how to gain proficiency with a ton in France while he was in a state of banishment something he forced after political and social destructions became great.Advertising Looking for paper on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hobbes rising notoriety as a researcher and as a researcher allowed him to likewise meet boss insightful figures in Europe during his time, for example, Gassendi, Mersenne and Descartes. Hobbes figured out how to end up in a discussion with these outstanding figures in Europe examining arithmetic, science and at times contending on theory. His contentions with these individuals some of the time cost his scholarly notoriety in Europe yet that didn't stress him. Hobbes had liberal considerations whereby he accepted that everybody has equivalent rights; he had faith in characteristic balance for all individuals. His liberal considerations later on brought a qualification between the state and common society (Dietz 1990). This implies Hobbes had a political request character with a reasonable political force perspective on agent dependent on the people’s assent. His liberal explanation of the law was living in a free world whereby everybody reserv ed the privilege to do whatever they preferred or wished as long as the law didn't preclude it. Hobbes comprehended people as creatures with movement and matter (Sorrell Rogers 2000). He accepted that people complied with comparative physical laws as that of movement and matter. This is the reason he saw people a similar way. Be that as it may, he accepted that people could be impacted. Hobbes depiction of the idea of human depended on personal responsibility and implicit agreement. These were his major political way of thinking subjects that he routed to the individuals. In his book Leviathan, he expressed that people were not fit for administering themselves since they were brimming with themselves and they are normally egotistical and touchy. Hobbes in this way accepted a pioneer ought to be somebody solid on a fundamental level not egotistical and touchy. The idea of Hobbes was likewise portrayed in his compositions which were fearless by unexpected frailty and mature age. This were anyway the significant events all through his period. The main thing which cut Hobbes down was his wellbeing which bombed him. In his eighties, Hobbes was as yet solid and energetic about existence as he kept on communicating his secretarial considerations and his philosophical musings; ordinarily, he was dubiously guarding his quarters. This shows how solid and decided Hobbes was, just passing figured out how to quiet him yet at the same time he kicked the bucket a legend. The idea of society Hobbes was conceived during the year when Spanish Armada had sick destinies of attacking England. He lived during the period when there was substantial ruin and change in England something the country has never observed from that point forward. This pandemonium looked by England had a few aspects and sources, financial and military and ultimately ardent and political roots. During this period, England was at chances with itself in various ways.Advertising We will compose a custom expositi on test on The Individual, Faith, and Society Comparison Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was an incredible division between the rich, poor and influential individuals. Each gathering had various suppositions and backing for the lord explicitly in regards to tax collection that was actualized by the ruler. There was likewise a division in the parliament in regards to its own matchless quality and authority according to the King. The individuals were at chances both strictly and monetarily. There was tremendous disparity in assets and riches. There was additionally Civil wars disaster in England which prompted the improvement of magnificently exceptional political and strict wings in the country. A genuine model is the correspondence that existed between the levelers as far as political rights and riches. The diggers were increasingly exceptional and combat for wage work destruction. The common wars in England prompted an extraordinary division in th e military for instance Cromwell which is the republican challenger armed force was the dwelling place for the levelers (Dietz 1990). By the by, Cromwell annihilated the control and force that they had inside various positions in the military. Ruler Charles I’s endeavors to uphold consistency in strict acts were nearly destroyed by the fragile condition among England and Scotland merger. These are a portion of the reasons why Hobbes dreaded England and went on oust in France: he dreaded political and social tumult. He had the chance to watch the anarchy and simultaneously experience the ill effects of its belongings before he traveled to France and returned to England when the political and financial unrest had decreased. How Hobbes identifies with the general public Hobbes identified with the general public in various manners both legitimately and by implication. He was the dad and the initiator of contemporary political way of thinking. He supported political theory and ind uction in England. He stood up to strict force and favored tyrant state. His political belief system was mostly founded on secularism, science and experimentation whose impact is as yet experienced in America today explicitly in the state and furthermore in the congregation. Today, numerous individuals are as yet living on the planet that Hobbes made, a universe of humankind and human position. There is avocation in human power today. Anyway there are individuals who don't acknowledge and accept on human position a world made by Hobbes. Notwithstanding, Hobbes was against political and social divergence and a strict unrest. Hobbes battled for mankind; his musings were that all people ought to be given equivalent rights, an ethical case which requested human fundamental intrigue security. He needed this human position to be authorized by the parliament and political powers in England.Advertising Searching for article on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Hobbes likewise related with the general public through his writing works. He was a mathematician, a researcher, great writing interpreter, law author and ultimately he was infamous of composing and bringing up strict issues particularly questions that existed in the congregation. Hobbes additionally composed political and good books, for example, Leviathan, the Elements of Law, Natural and Politic and Treatise on Human Nature among numerous others. He was one of those intriguing erudite people that existed on the planet during the seventeenth century. The Role of confidence in the connection among Hobbes and society In the seventeenths century, a period when Hobbes lived, the individuals viewed themselves as equivalents and that is the reason they went up against one another for the scant assets. The fundamental thought for the individuals in England society was all against all and that is the thing that they put stock in (Sorrell Rogers 2000). Be that as it may, Hobbes didn't care for the confidence that the general public had and that is the reason he was resolved to change the people’s viewpoint and conviction. His accepted that if individuals have trust and view each other as equivalents it would advance harmony and comprehension. He along these lines requested and anticipated that everybody should follow his confidence on social relations since that was the main way that they could get rid of common war in England. The state had the obligation of advancing reasonableness among the individuals by first guaranteeing that legal and official powers along with lawmaking bodies combine to turn into a solitary body to shape the ruler or parliament. This body will have the authority over strict b

Barangay Information System Essay

Hugeness of the Study - This examination was made to discover that the utilization of home data framework will decrease the ideal opportunity for the exchange of encoding. Additionally in utilizing this framework it can perceive the individual include in this examination. To the Barangay †It will help for them to diminish the ideal opportunity for the exchange of encoding. The framework will be the statistics like having an arrangement of the barangay for the entirety of its constituents and new individuals who will live in the spot. The framework will be viable in keeping up, looking and putting away of records of all occupant in the barangay. To the Residence †For they will be obliged effectively for they will have an ID that can be utilized to get to their records if there are a few changes to be done in their part. It will likewise be simple for them in mentioning some data and administrations in light of the fact that the barangay had as of now have it. This will likewise guarantee the occupants that their data is appropriately made sure about and keep up through the control of the proposed framework. To the Secretary of the Barangay †It will assist with sorting out the record and screen the data of the habitation. Remote For additional comprehension of the investigation, the specialists utilized distinctive perusing materials identified with the data framework. These materials, for example, books, magazines, papers, postulation and other web articles are fundamental in expanding the information on the analysts. These will likewise manage the scientists to accomplish their objective targets by getting thoughts on other related examinations and make upgrades as could be expected under the circumstances.  According to Jennifer Rowley (2005), data framework are an apparatus to help data the board. Data frameworks are progressively being utilized in associations with the object of giving upper hand. The data frameworks utilized by associations can be gathered into various kinds, for example, exchange preparing framework, official data system,â expert frameworks and office data frameworks. Data Technology has proclaimed the appearance of the data society. The University of Minnesota Research and Training Center has discharged its yearly Residential Information Systems Project report. The report furnishes state-by-state insights with long haul inclines on private administrations, settings, populaces and consumptions for individuals with formative inabilities in state, nonstate, and Medicaid-financed private projects. Attributes of occupants, development and staffing designs in huge state private offices are incorporated. The report utilizes 2012 information to look at patterns in private backings for individuals with formative incapacities. The report found that most of individuals with IDD that don't live with a relative live in a setting with three or less individuals with IDD, with more than three-fourths imparting a home to six of less individuals. The report takes note of that there are noteworthy contrasts in the information between states for some theme zones, including setting size, holding up records, and normal uses for HCBS. O’Brien, (2011) characterizes data framework as the sorted out mix of individuals, hardware,software, correspondence systems and information assets, that control, change and disseminateinformation in an association. In fractional satisfaction for the necessities in Software Project introduced to the workforce of IT Department Ebora, Vanessa Grace I. Casas, Lori Anne S. Rapisora, Sheryl L. Tambongco, Steven Section 1 The Problem and Its Background Presentation Setting of the Study The investigation was led at Barangay Katipunan-Bayani which has an estimated popul.ation of 8,000 occupants. The barangay is situated at Rodriguez Ave. Tanay, Rizal. Region guide of Barangay Katipunan-Bayani Hypothetical Framework Calculated Framework Proclamation of the Problem This talk about the issues of existing framework that will be resolve by the scientist through electronic Residence Information Sysytem 1. Open-source information 2. Back-up capacity incase of misfortune 3. Tedious of documenting application structure 4. Sharing of archives 5. Record stockpiling Destinations General The analyst plans to build up a framework that will assist the customer with reducing the heap of the barangay staffs in sparing the occupants records. Explicit 1. Have a security to made sure about all the significant records of the occupants. 2. Have a back-up capacity record if there should arise an occurrence of adulterating information. 3. Have a system based for simple moving of record required. 4. Have an information base for information stockpiling. Degree and Limitation The framework is intended to have a security for the records to be made sure about thatâ only the approved individual can just deal with the framework. It very well may be saved money on an organizer for record back-up. It has information base for capacity of spared information. It can print records, for example, Barangay Clearance, Indigency and so forth. The framework can't create printed version of all out records of barangay constituents. it didn't contain living arrangement number.

Marketing of Virgin Atlantic free essay sample

Utilizing an organization that you know about, clarify how factors in the outer business condition impact promoting procedures and results The aircraft business is an industry that is serious and exceptional, focussing on shopper decision and the responsiveness of carriers to changes in the outside business condition. For any carrier, this condition can be extremely unpredictable as it is ‘hard for them to completely comprehend and unthinkable for them to completely control’ (The Times, n. . p1). Virgin Atlantic is a worldwide carrier that is situated in the UK. It was begun by the business person Richard Branson in 1982 and now travels to 30 goals around the globe (Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd, 2011). By taking a gander at the PEST powers of Virgin’s outside condition, the point is to perceive how these impact the aircraft and how Virgin can utilize this data to further their potential benefit. Two fundamental political factors in Virgin’s outer business co ndition are deregulation and foundation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Promoting of Virgin Atlantic or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Before the 1980s carriers were commonly constrained by the administration, presently because of deregulation, governments don't direct airfares or courses and so forth and in this manner leave an open market for new contenders. As there is more rivalry for piece of the overall industry, carriers are compelled to become proficient and serious subsequently driving costs down. Deregulation is said to have caused an expected 20% in air charges (Dayao, et al. , 2009). In 1979 the â€Å"open skies† act was presented. This alludes to a universal deregulation approach to ‘liberalize the principles and guidelines and limit government intervention’ (USLegal, n. d. One ongoing act is the open skies arrangement between the US and Europe, ‘allowing aircrafts situated in the United States and Europe to fly over the Atlantic between any two air terminals in each region’ (New York Times, 2008). Despite the fact that aircraft deregulation is certifiably not an ongoing idea, ‘its impacts are as yet being felt today’ (Smith and Cox, n. d. ) through the rise of undermining minimal effort bearers, for example, Easyjet in the UK. Nonetheless, in spite of the fact that deregulation exists, it isn't as basic as it sounds. Framework is a factor that nearly balances the deregulation development as governments despite everything have a command over air terminals for instance. Because of the interest of movement to and from the UK, Heathrow air terminal was required to construct a third runway, yet because of the danger of losing essential political minor seats in the environmental factors of Heathrow, the UK government settled on a stripped political choice to not seek after this endeavor, thusly constraining the potential for additional flights. Virgin Atlantic has attempted to defeat this issue by growing its administrations from Gatwick and Manchester, and is dynamic individuals in the opening exchanging market. Virgin intend to handle this is by purchasing British carrier BMI as it ‘has 8. % of the arrival openings at Heathrow, the UKs busiest air terminal, which are viewed as the fundamental fascination of a buy. ’(BBC, 2011) If fruitful, this won't just increment flight limit, yet in addition make a progressively proficient assistance. There are three key monetary components that influence the aircraft business these are rivalry, rising fuel costs and the business cycle. So as to examine rivalry influencing Virgin Atlantic, Porter’s 5 power model can be utilized (Diagram 1). Chart 1: Porter’s 5 powers (Investopedia, n. d. , altered by Boulter, 2011) With such an elevated level of rivalry and estimating opportunity because of deregulation, the aircraft business went from a respectably oligopolistic advertise, with around 9 significant carriers, to a considerably more serious market. Because of the now lower hindrances to passage new aircrafts, particularly ease bearers (e. g. Ryanair and Easyjet) are entering the market and taking piece of the overall industry. On account of these new contestants having the option to offer a lot of lower costs for movement, set up bearers, for example, Virgin experience a limitation on gainfulness and are in this way distraught (Dayao, et al. , 2009). It is a result of this explanation that Virgin are currently changing their market technique and focusing on characterizing themselves from their rivals by focussing on advancement and improving client support. Worldwide carrier partnerships in another issue remembered for Virgin’s outside condition. Unions advantage carriers from various perspectives as they empower them more market get to, combination of innovations and even assistance defeat legitimate boundaries (Anon. , 2009). One soft spot for Virgin along these lines isn't as a rule some portion of a coalition, for example, Oneworld Alliance (Anon. , 2009), so as to exploit its potential Virgin should investigate altering their market technique and investigate joining a union, if not structure its own. Rising fuel costs hugy affects the aircraft business. In an article distributed by the New York Times in 2007, oil costs were drifting ‘near $100 a barrel’ which caused the International Air Transport Associa tion (IATA) to ‘slash’ their anticipated benefits for 2008 from ‘$7. 8 billion to $5 billion’ (Clark, 2007). In 2008 high fuel costs were ‘dominant factor’ in the misfortunes that confronted the business, and proceeded to same impact in 2009 (Dunn, 2009).

Marketing Research and Perceptual Maps

Showcasing Research and Perceptual Maps Conceptual This report involves a representation of the idea of showcasing research and perceptual mapping. The report is sorted out into various segments. In the main area, the report presents the reason for the investigation. The foundation segment gives the meaning of perceptual maps together with their advantages to associations. The report centers around various properties related with wrist watches. These incorporate cost and style.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Marketing Research and Perceptual Maps explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In request to build up an exhaustive comprehension on the consumer’s variety in their observation, the report centers around different brands of wrist watches. These incorporate Rado, Guess, Swatch, Omega, Rolex, Puma, DKNY, Armani, and Sieko. To increase a genuine market conclusion in regards to the consumer’s discernment with respect to these brands, the report has mulled over a market revie w on 64 respondents. Essential strategy for information assortment was utilized in leading the review. To guarantee ease during the time spent information assortment, the report has shown the instrument of information assortment utilized. This involved utilization of freeonlinesurveys.com. The information examination segment plots how the information gathered was investigated and introduced. At long last, the report gives a determination and various suggestions. Prologue To build up an exhaustive comprehension on how the shoppers see the different brands of wrist watches, I embraced an advertising research that concentrated on different brands of wrist watches. The examination likewise incorporated the idea of perceptual mapping in order to comprehend the consumer’s recognition with respect to the different brands of wrist watches. The reason for this exploration is to assess the consumers’ discernment with respect to different brands wrist watches. This is achieved by considering various traits related with the wrist watches. Foundation to the investigation Perceptual maps are significant apparatuses in firms’ exertion to create powerful promoting systems. Creating perceptual maps involve outlining the different characteristics that shoppers partner specific brands with (Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2011, p. 280). Perceptual maps empower firms supervisory crews to comprehend the most significant traits that buyers consider in their dynamic procedure. Perceptual maps are likewise advantageous in that they empower a firm’s supervisory crew to comprehend the situation of its image on the consumers’ minds. This implies firms’ supervisory crews gain information with respect to the serious quality of their brands and who their center rivals are. Moreover, perceptual maps additionally empower firms to distinguish openings which they can adventure to expand their competitiveness.Advertising Looking for report on business financial as pects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data assortment during the time spent gathering the information two overviews were led. The first study was aiamed at creating a general diagram of the whole market with respect to the different characteristics. A sum of 64 respondents were met. Of these respondents, 59.4% of them were male while 40.3% were female. The second review was planned for building up a comprehension of the consumers’ observation in regards to the 9 brands chose with respect to cost and style. The gathering chosen these two qualities on the grounds that the majority of the respondents concentrated on them. An aggregate of 67 respondents were met where 59.7% of them were male and 40.3% female. The assessments of the respondents in the second review were utilized to build up the perceptual guide. Figure 1: Respondents for the first study. Figure 2: Respondents for the second overview To help during the time spent information assortment, an open-finished survey was created. The poll was made out of three inquiries. The principal question mentioned the clients to diagram their sexual orientation while the subsequent inquiry required the respondents to rank the characteristics of the wrist watches dependent fair and square of significance connected when they originally bought their wrist watch. Various qualities related with wrist watches were considered.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Marketing Research and Perceptual Maps explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More These incorporated the brands value, style, and material used to make it, nation of production, length of guarantee and whether it has a second hand or digit. Then again, the third inquiry mentioned the clients to list the different brands of wrist watches that they know about. These polls were additionally used to gather information on the 9 brands based on the two characteristics (cost and sty le). Information investigation The information gathered from the field was examined in order to guarantee simplicity of translation. This was accomplished by utilizing various information investigation strategies. Through information examination, it was conceivable to delineate the view of the different brands of wrist watch in the consumers’ minds. The investigation assessed 9 of the most referenced brands of wrist watches. Considering the way that the information gathered was subjective in nature, quantitative technique for information examination was coordinated. This involved speaking to the respondents’ feeling on the 9 brands as to cost and style on reference diagrams. Combination of quantitative technique for information examination came about into simplicity of understanding of the exploration discoveries. The chart beneath represent the respondents’ assessment with respect to the value, style, material used to make the item, nation of production, length of guarantee and whether it has a second hand or digit. The properties are positioned on a size of 5 focuses. Figure 3: Chart demonstrating the respondents sentiment in regards to the brands qualities The reactions of 67online respondents in the second study were considered in building up the perceptual guide. From the information assortment process, a rundown of different brands of wrist watches was created. In any case, to outline the idea of perceptual mapping, we centered at just two qualities which included cost and style. Therefore, the built up a rundown of the most referenced brands of wrist watches based on cost and style.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The primary brands chosen included Rado, Guess, Swatch, Omega, Rolex, Puma, DKNY, Armani and Seiko. Also, a five point scale was created to rank the chose marks based on the two qualities. As to value, a size of 5 focuses was created where 1 spoke to reasonable cost while 5 spoke to extreme cost. Correspondingly, a size of 5 focuses was utilized to quantify the brands style where 1 spoke to wear brand while 5 spoke to an extravagance brand. The normal of the respondents’ feeling with respect to each brand based on the two characteristics was determined and is shown in the connection named ‘Research For Marketing Research and Perceptual Maps’. The midpoints were then positioned on a 5 point scale and afterward used to build up the perceptual guide. The value quality was plotted on the vertical hub and style on the even pivot. The figure beneath shows the subsequent perceptual guide. Figure 4: Perceptual guide of different brands of wrist watch The perceptual guid e above represents the situation of the 9 brands of wrist watches based on cost and style. From the perceptual guide above, Rolex, Rado and Guess brands are situated most elevated in the quadrant. This implies they are seen as the most lavish and exceptionally estimated wrist watch. Subsequently, their intensity inside the wrist watch showcase is generally high. Omega is viewed as generally extravagant and moderate as demonstrated by its situation in the perceptual guide. Then again, Puma and Swatch brands are viewed as the most reasonable and energetic while Armani and Sieko are generally lively and moderate. End and proposals The above statistical surveying has uncovered that purchasers have various discernments with respect to brands of wrist watches. The discernment framed with respect to a specific item impacts the shoppers in their dynamic procedure. From the examination, one can presume that purchasers are probably going to choose their favored wrist watch based on their econ omic wellbeing and way of life. For instance, customers who have a high societal position and way of life are probably going to choose Rolex, Rado and Guess brands. With the end goal for firms to situate their items and administrations all the more viably in the market, it is principal that they consolidate the idea of perceptual mapping. This will upgrade their viability with which they actualize item create and improvement forms. Furthermore, the organizations ought to likewise fuse the idea of perceptual mapping during the time spent building up their promoting techniques, for example, publicizing. This emerges from the way that the firm will have the option to distinguish the consumer’s recognition with respect to its items. The resultant impact is that the firm will improve its seriousness in the market. Reference Lamb, C., Hair, J., McDaniel, C. (2011). Fundamentals of showcasing. Bricklayer, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Word of the Week! Euphemism Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Euphemism Richmond Writing Dr. Tom Bonfiglio, as upset over the current Administrations use of the term Tender-Age Shelter for a childrens prison housing undocumented minors in substandard and even cruel conditions, suggested I talk a bit about euphemisms. I hope the post is not too dark, but these are dark times. Perhaps well be careful in our use of euphemism once we think more about them. H.W. Fowlers  Modern English Usage claims  that euphemisms were employed in just the thuggish way Tom suggests a century ago, as a protective device for governments and as a token of a new approach to psychological and sociological problems.  If Toms example is particularly Orwellian in its attempt to put a happy face on a brutal policy, it is nothing new. The OED notes that the word euphemism itself dates to the 17th Century, whenever one wanted to use a pleasant-sounding term in place of a harsher one. In a famous 20th Century military example, Shell Shock became Battle Fatigue became Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. All describe a terrible condition many veterans face, but note how increasingly anodyne the terminology became. That first cousin to our weeks word, anodyne  , appeared in an earlier post. Youll want to read more about that synonym before you begin honing your euphemisms in writing. By the way, The Thousand-Yard Stare is a metaphor for the effects of combat. Its a euphemism in a way, but not an anodyne one, once you know what it means. I first encountered it in this rightly famous painting, The 2000 Yard Stare, by Tom Lea. Euphemisms are not always used to cover the truth for sinister ends, though certainly history abounds with examples. We call Undertakers Funeral Directors, or a disease a condition to avoid offense or unpleasant emotions.   Some euphemisms can be silly, as with powder room for toilet or restroom, or pointless, as in conveniences for those same spaces. Others provide smart marketing; prunes became dried plums. Yes, Id rather consume the latter! Some euphemisms put a metaphor in place of a single word, as in The Sun Belt for The South. Yes, it is sunny here now, with severe storms about to strike. But a euphemism leaves that unpleasantness out. I stand with Fowlers  Modern English Usage on generally avoiding euphemism when it leads, as it did in Victorian England to pregnant women being in an  interesting condition.   Bryan A. Garners excellent  Modern American Usage gives us a litmus test for when to use a euphemism, [i]f plain talk is going to provoke unnecessary controversy. He shows this clearly when he discusses why we should not say illegitimate children today. The test of a good euphemism is that it does not sound roundabout or clumsy. As Garner goes on to say, however, euphemisms leave a linguistic garbage-heap in their wake once they outlive their age. For instance, I find the many genteel euphemisms in Herman Melvilles South-Seas narrative  Typee maddening. The story is excellent, but the writing lacks the power of his later work, such as  Moby Dick or Billy Budd.  Of course, Melvilles more direct later works did not find a Victorian audience. He paid for abandoning euphemism, though it gained him fame in our time . I commend Garners book to all of you! And for attorneys and law students out there, I found Wydicks excellent  Plain English for Lawyers silent on euphemisms. Wydick does recommend using concrete words when possible. I suppose one must be blunt at times in a courtroom. As Summer drifts along here, on a sea of humidity, please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image of prunes dried plums stuffed with walnuts from Marco Verch at Flickr.

Word of the Week! Euphemism Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Euphemism Richmond Writing Dr. Tom Bonfiglio, as upset over the current Administrations use of the term Tender-Age Shelter for a childrens prison housing undocumented minors in substandard and even cruel conditions, suggested I talk a bit about euphemisms. I hope the post is not too dark, but these are dark times. Perhaps well be careful in our use of euphemism once we think more about them. H.W. Fowlers  Modern English Usage claims  that euphemisms were employed in just the thuggish way Tom suggests a century ago, as a protective device for governments and as a token of a new approach to psychological and sociological problems.  If Toms example is particularly Orwellian in its attempt to put a happy face on a brutal policy, it is nothing new. The OED notes that the word euphemism itself dates to the 17th Century, whenever one wanted to use a pleasant-sounding term in place of a harsher one. In a famous 20th Century military example, Shell Shock became Battle Fatigue became Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. All describe a terrible condition many veterans face, but note how increasingly anodyne the terminology became. That first cousin to our weeks word, anodyne  , appeared in an earlier post. Youll want to read more about that synonym before you begin honing your euphemisms in writing. By the way, The Thousand-Yard Stare is a metaphor for the effects of combat. Its a euphemism in a way, but not an anodyne one, once you know what it means. I first encountered it in this rightly famous painting, The 2000 Yard Stare, by Tom Lea. Euphemisms are not always used to cover the truth for sinister ends, though certainly history abounds with examples. We call Undertakers Funeral Directors, or a disease a condition to avoid offense or unpleasant emotions.   Some euphemisms can be silly, as with powder room for toilet or restroom, or pointless, as in conveniences for those same spaces. Others provide smart marketing; prunes became dried plums. Yes, Id rather consume the latter! Some euphemisms put a metaphor in place of a single word, as in The Sun Belt for The South. Yes, it is sunny here now, with severe storms about to strike. But a euphemism leaves that unpleasantness out. I stand with Fowlers  Modern English Usage on generally avoiding euphemism when it leads, as it did in Victorian England to pregnant women being in an  interesting condition.   Bryan A. Garners excellent  Modern American Usage gives us a litmus test for when to use a euphemism, [i]f plain talk is going to provoke unnecessary controversy. He shows this clearly when he discusses why we should not say illegitimate children today. The test of a good euphemism is that it does not sound roundabout or clumsy. As Garner goes on to say, however, euphemisms leave a linguistic garbage-heap in their wake once they outlive their age. For instance, I find the many genteel euphemisms in Herman Melvilles South-Seas narrative  Typee maddening. The story is excellent, but the writing lacks the power of his later work, such as  Moby Dick or Billy Budd.  Of course, Melvilles more direct later works did not find a Victorian audience. He paid for abandoning euphemism, though it gained him fame in our time . I commend Garners book to all of you! And for attorneys and law students out there, I found Wydicks excellent  Plain English for Lawyers silent on euphemisms. Wydick does recommend using concrete words when possible. I suppose one must be blunt at times in a courtroom. As Summer drifts along here, on a sea of humidity, please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image of prunes dried plums stuffed with walnuts from Marco Verch at Flickr.

Research Paper What Is a Flat Plate Solar Collector

Research Paper: What Is a Flat Plate Solar Collector? As people become more aware of the environmental problems, they try to reconsider their way of living and make their households both environmentally-friendly and more economical. They start to equip their houses with new technological gadgets that take advantage of natural energy, such as, for instance, solar power. One of the most successful representatives of ‘green’ technology is a flat plate solar collector. It exploits the ability of sunlight to produce heat and has a lot of potential for the effective use in our households. In most cases the flat plate solar collector is used to provide hot water. When installed in a proper place, it is capable of generating large amounts of heat within short periods of time and reducing your expenses on energy. One of the disadvantages of all solar power gadgets and flat plate solar collectors in particular is their inability to produce power without sunlight. Luckily, this problem can be addressed in two possible ways. You can use a combined heating system at your household, which is mostly dependent on solar power, but switches to ordinary power supply when there is a lack of sunlight. Alternatively, you can install a special system that accumulates the heat, collected during the day. Despite these obvious benefits of solar collectors, many people are discouraged from purchasing them by the costly price. However, it has been estimated that a flat pl ate solar collector saves up about 80% of your energy bill and pays for itself within 4 years. As you can see, in the long run it offers whopping advantages to the household owners. All in all, a flat plate solar collector is a good alternative or supplement to your conventional power system and is worth giving a try.