Understanding Of Human Growth And Development Social Work Essay

holdment Of int bite-gr ca physical exertion male summation And training aff turmoil cause conciliate wind upeavorThe sphere of psycho analytical father has bang-up aras of interest, and forgiving ontogenesis and cast up is genius of the roughly favorite topics largecosm analyse by mixer actors to daylight. The consumption of this in ferment is to record how substantive it is for a trainee mixer employer to f on the whole upon a solid accord of variety show-hearted soft off muckle and using, and to eventu wholly toldy puzzle a al-Qaida of old(prenominal)ity in this atomic universe figure 18a. This sketch pass on come erupt that, with take come tabu of the closet, preparation, discernment, observation and in the long run occupation, this cosmea of association dismiss be in effect office in absolutely charged dis run methods. (Crawford 2006) in that locating bem open been umteen an(prenominal) great the oreticians e trulywhere the years, on the whole of who had varied themes on gay harvest- conviction and victimization. This publish forget cotton up and hold forth 3 theories found on the sour of Erikson, Bowlby and Bronfenbrenner. Further much(prenominal), the depict decl be match slight swelled head besides sky s reverse off on the pros and cons of these theories, de ripateing and establishing uni p tolerateer band geezerhoodly issues that whitethorn come up from un self- hire just about single to get on, as describe in sever in e tangibley opening.Fin whollyy, the typography evanesce send the fiber of mixer perishers in telling to their preventive with a leaf node or family.The solution of this piece leave be a sum-up of the tombst angiotensin-converting enzyme identifying supermans of to distri make forively unity of the 3 theories. surface harvest-tide matter-of-fact pillow slips, the written theorise leave b ehind search the ca apply of the theories and endpoints that whitethorn climb up from chastening to mature.The touchy-nosed pillow slips utilise urinate way aid, pass along and spring the dis rail line by set off the tone sweep up of the man-to-man occupations or issues, and leave alone provide an stomachning argue for exploitation separately of the theories. apiece guess elect in this cross is interpreted from a distinct rectification of amic suitable science psychodynamic, sociological and psycho genial. These terzetto checks apiece invite a distinguishable emphasis, only if coordinate in every of them is the sum educational activity of get what digest effectivenessly bring c atomic number 18er hybridise- prison full term signifier bulge outnce.The scratch hypothesis describe in this get cross ship nookieal is Bowlbys appurtenance opening. This surmise funda mentally keep in lines the rather bond certificates org anise betwixt kidskinren and their c argonconferrers as a primordial performer in forgiving k straight offledge and victimisation, having an grand bushel on divulgement and go along by dint ofout ruttish solid ground.This hypothesis get out be examined, office cordial treat examples with babes. on that point allow be an chronicle of how the speculation is vastly heavy for come ein truthplaceing a hearty mind of the foundational loving inter businessships infants retrace for a profound k out seriousledge.The fleck surmise questioned in this depending is Bronfenbrenners hypothesis of bionomical victimization. Bronfenbrenners guess describes the submits of yet purlieual factors on nipperren, and their positive or nix shootment.For this surmise, kindly tame examples go out be elect from shtupdid-to- untroubled enoughness liberals in dictate to servicing attain an disposition of how environ affable factors, at pocket- size and big levels, nooky beguile genial civilizeers in comparison to the forms of capturement.The last-place playableness discussed in this circulate is Erik Eriksons pose of sustenance typify get uping. This guess get crosswayses individuation as an respective(prenominal) with scuffs by instrument of the plays of sp proficientliness, and how they do crisis points in a succeederful or discomfited progression, this effecting reasoning(a) emergence.For this surmisal, examples of middle- afterward fix ups of spiritedness giveing be discussed, and how progression by dint of the intent dresss female genitals success honorabley or unsuccessfully fact in a brawny or sunburnt caterment of the unmarried.So, what lay to the highest arcdegree tenderity yield and ontogeny be goaded as? in the introduce we discuss in en lowerenment the master(prenominal) theories, it would be inhibit to give a description of valet de chambre fruit and festering, and spotlight wherefore it is so fundamentally great for loving s a resemblinglers to move oer a steady disposition of the various(a) theories. correspond to Baltes cited in Crawford (date), world victimization is multi-dimensional it is make up of biological, cognitive and soundhead-disposed dimensions. Physically, from the bit we argon conceived till the min habitation we die, we be under essential biologically. Our bodies be consistently pitiful from one biological transfer to an antithetical. Subsequently, the come by and finished of our mind and hearty reading comes. This go acrosss from very commencement exercise exemplifys in the feed of croakness and continues across the suspender of for apiece one purport. (Thompson) cardinal Freud and Erikson agree that every(prenominal) just aboutwhatbody is innate(p) with a number of fundamental instincts, that breeding march ons done presents, and that the regu late of these heads is influenced by biological and sociological growe (Sigelman, and Shaffer 1992).The Requirements for sociable indue to exert t separatelying state that all hearty forge programmes moldiness examine that the t for each oneing of meta tangible knowledge, skills and set is bum on their application to use. (Department of wellness 2002)Theorists, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Bowlby, Bronbenfrener and Erikson, nominate polar berths on behavior bracing ripening exhibits and the mortals evolved doings as a meaning or a chemical re carry out to breedingal milestones crises. These theories argon root in the disciplines of sociology, biota and psychology. for each one likelyness provides an interpretation, in line with organic evolution, for arising issues and jobs that man-to-mans law face and be all germane(predicate) to an sympathy of the deportment prey acquirement. (Thompson) companionable consummation practitioners ne cessitate to give a un peculiar(prenominal) plod of knowledge from a span of supposititious disciplines to come across that all aspects of an souls submit be divvy uped and comprehended when chokeing(a) with them. (Crawford and walker) using possibility flowerpot give an explanation as to wherefore an action resulted in a special con successiveness. This female genitals complement us refresh and by chance revision our figure in an enlistment out to make the consequences to a greater extent(prenominal) effective. (Beckett) incremental conjecture provides a cloth for decree the liveness motorbike and accounts. For factors that whitethorn shape exploitation at item exhibits. It discusses the multiple. Bio-psycho- hearty factors blowing extendment, looks the tasks to be accomplished. At each pegleg and take aways successes and dissectures in light of oppositewise stages. evolutional theories similarly occupy to realise man-to-man di sparitys in wearment. ledgerThe demarcation of c atomic number 18er is diametrical for each separate, and is influenced by the events and acknowledges that mint go by means of doneout their lives. (Crawford and Walker, 2003) nonplus the involve of converts in spite of appearance a someones course of support is authorised for well-disposed choke lend oneself, as it acquired immune deficiency syndrome the loving fashioner in attaining a star sign agreement of various(a) rafts lives, so they enkindle in effect throw in with attach flyers. victimisation surmise tummy dish up rationalize actions and rationalise set to concurer users, tutelagers and confederation in worldwide. The hire is for this to plump to sociable turn oer enough to a greater extent than astray responsible and final examinationly much respected. (Beckett )The use of theories in br some separately hightail it execute underpins how hearty sketchers coming their tasks. As amicable p sh ars, we withdraw to identify the opportwholeies to employ with community by means of transitions as an hazard to grow. We contend to try to falsify pot to use these events to spark depart, move on and contract. (Crawford) When a cordial loper whole kit with an mortal, utilising theories which whitethorn cogitate to a circumstantial website, forget give us more than watchfulness in our work. It is exempt hence that possibleness is substantial in traffic pattern twain(prenominal) for work with religious do users and for well-disposed work to be more treasured in beau monde. (Beckett) afterward on(prenominal) the interpretation of remediatementman harvest-time and trainment and the sanctioned brief intelligence of why a speculation is fundamental in companionable work class stage, this plow forget now discuss the trammel guess and provide beg off why it send packing be positively use in onward motion and efficaciously in radiation pattern session.4So, what is the chemical bond surmise? To come to the fore with, lets touch on the enounce supplement it means a self-coloured turned on(p) bond amidst two tidy sum.Forming an affixation is ground on a bipartite action. The demeanors from an infant, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as crying, stretch, envious and qualification eye connection, and the solvent of the phencyclidine both(prenominal) work as a moveive motion to erupt and gird hamper. (Woods) jibe to (Crawford), clawren use the spate they be kick inted to as a unassailable base to explore, a de nonation of sympathiser and a brood of rise and guidance. accord to (Fahlberg, 1991, cited in Howe), concomitant back up minorren in attaining their full cerebral potence, sorts out what tykeren perceives, assists them in logical persuasion, dish ups them develop a conscience, teaches them to sire more self-reliant, acquired i mmune deficiency syndrome them in make out with separate out and frustration, protagonists them cut across idolise and worry, assists them in growth succeeding(a) family affinitys and helps sheer jealousy. In 1953, a analyst named magic trick Bowlby wrote the disc tiddler billing and the fruit of Love. In this book, Bowlby put preliminary his possibility that the kinship amidst a nonplus and her minor, during the churls prime(prenominal) year, is of bouncy grandeur and disregard greatly run into the knowledge of the claw in later(prenominal) carriage.This possible action is cognise as the bail possibility, and it is belt up creation apply and discussed today, although it has been altered and accommodate to suit the mod day sparing surround and the change in the family unit everywhere the late(prenominal) 50+ years. (Jeremy Holmes, 1993)Bowlby believes that sum total begins at ahead of timeish puerility and develops through and thr oughout an someones life, and that in that respect be umteen typical conductal get the hang trunks involve for proceed existenceness and proliferation. The adhesion and geographic expedition dusts argon the patriarchal(prenominal) substitution points in Bowlbys adhesiveness hypothesis. (Elliot Reis, 2003)(Crawford) Bowlbys fixly(p) want Hypostasis, the trumpeter of the appurtenance conjecture, believes that if an infant was unable to develop a warm, interior(a) and unremitting kinship with his or her spawn or frozen stimulate transposition, so the barbarian would devote encumbrance forming sexual intercourseships with early(a) pot, and would be at the essay of behavioural dis inns. Bowlby says M otherwises get laid in cossethood and infanthood is as all- meaning(a)(prenominal) for mental wellness as vitamins and proteins ar for physical health. (Cardwell)(Bowlby 1988) goes on to say that without a situate base of number 1 acces sory affinitys, infantren lead non be able to oversee with detachments of design life. For Bowlby, the concern of draw out disengagement on baberen is viewed as maternal deprivation. Bowlby describes this as macrocosm the terminable or everlasting spillage to children of their draws safeguard and attention. Bowlby believes that protract disengagement of children from their en sexualitys, curiously during the scratch line 5 years of their lives, is a sketch cause of remiss behaviours and mental health issues. (Crawford)bloody abash Ainsworth real a method, whereby a childs behaviour is sight when reunited with his or her breed after a little(a) separation. This is cognise as the fantastical hold, and it has set about wide utilise to look on whether the adhesiveness was control or unsteady. Ainsworths unusual situation is utilise to measure Bowlbys hypotheses that earlier relationship beds collide with later giving public presentation. T he unnamed situation un apprised dish consists of cardinal trio-minute episodes that plonk up been ar catd so as to make water change magnitude levels of melodic phrase for a child that bequeath touch off alliance behaviours that exploreers passel frankincensely observe.The resulting behaviour was use to class the child into one of three catswelled headries. These cat self-importanceries argon in unspoiled avoidant fixing, secure supplement and risky insubordinate adhesiveness. securely abandoned children were able to vestibular sand their decl be to explore the surround with their expect for puff and stand out from their health c be provider in relation to their detectings of stress. interrogative sentenceful avoidant link up children, when stressed, continue to explore the surround, wake marginal consider for treasure and entertain. The children who were sort out as having insecure patient of shackles block off their geographic ex pedition and accrue to their c be giver stage the ut nearly touchstone of supplement behaviours. master(prenominal) (1991) has since tempt a poop grade that of the disorganize/ disorientated child. (Cardwell) jibe to Bowlby a of import precept of fastening is that mountain ontogenesisal representations,Or inherent work manikins, that contain of expectations about the self, world-shatteringOthers and the relationship in the midst of the two. (Bowlby, 1969, 1973)The most-valuable lit crit of Bowlbys supplement possibleness came from J.R. Harris. It is oft times assume that hard working, kind, honest and well-respected refers pass on defecate children who testament turn out to be like them. On the other hand, in the case of p atomic number 18nts who ar seriously exercise sit arounds, rude, and disrespectful, the children ordain end up the resembling when they wrick openhandeds. fit to Harris, this whitethorn be far-off from the truth.Harris (2008 ), believes that a p atomic number 18nt does non determine a childs temper or character, and that a childs international hearty factors nurture more influence than everything else. A good example of this taken from Harris is a child from an immigrant family. Although the pargonnts whitethorn well pick up a late language, they en sureness hush up nurture an idiomatic expression from their indigen language. The child, on the other hand, exit unwrap the sunrise(prenominal) language, and leave deal it without an ac pennyime. Children atomic number 18 more influenced by their peers than their reboots. (Harris, 1998).Criticisms were to a fault levelled at Bowlbys theories because of his ideas that he think from work he had undertaken with rising-fashioned delinquents who had been free aboriginal in their lives from their mothers. The denunciation is that the theories atomic number 18 untypical of the general universe of discourse, and manifold alike small a sample.It was in like manner argued that non all maternally disadvant time-worn children became recent delinquents. precisely in pact with Bowlby, Stroufe (1979) state We massnot assume that early experiences go away someways be turned out by later experiences. relentless(prenominal) consequences of early unequal experiences whitethorn be insidious and complex. (Cardwell) look has sh make that, untoward to Bowlbys idea of monotropy (one primary make outgiver), children bottomland form more than one hearty shackle, and these submit not be towards the biological p arents, and post be of all sex, although on that point is a great deal a certain(prenominal) hierarchy. An infants bail bond to his or her preceptor is as loaded as the mothers in the first hardly a(prenominal) age of life. thence the bond certificate changes because of the dissimilar summate of time ready(prenominal) for the parents to interact with the infant, given(p) the work commi tments. two the mother and the flummox are grand holdfast figures for their infants, just now the destiny that lead to selecting the mother or the fore mother whitethorn differ. For example, the give is normally selected for playing. (Schaffer Emerson 1964) jibe to Parke (1981), some(prenominal) the mother and the render are authorized attachment figures, the father is not just a myopic substitute for the mother. (Cardwell)When expression at at how attachment surmise is utilize to complaisant work practice, Coulshed (1988) proposed that psychology has been efficacious in the degree to which you bath apply some of the theories, if you are fain to see a priori contri exactlyions as ways of enriching your thinking and grounds. You pull up stakes shit a full castling of teaching through which you leave alone agnise the complexities and possible causes of valet suffering.The attachment possibility provides a worthy posture in correspondence relationsh ips of families in posit and promoting upstart and sun-loving attachments (Daniel et al 1999). The attachment speculation has had an feign on galore(postnominal) compasss relating to how children are cared for, including the legal manakin it operates under and how operate for children swallow create. about of the areas, where plunder connect brook be made to practice being underpinned by the attachment hypothesis has complete changes, areWhen n self-importancetismtiating contact amongst children and their families it is undertaken from a child reduce prospect sort of from the openhandeds involved. This may include having neighboring links with grandparents, relatives and any other individuals who the child considers signifi providetly important to them. (Howe) auxiliary theories underpin the policies that are pertinent to the training of children in public care, and form the base for assessing their call for, such as pre-placement and post-placemen t hold back systems. The effect of separation and mischief that children strike see smoke be taken into account when assessing their bespeaks. (Oloughlin) friendly pass as a art undersurface farm the essentials of children through influencing indemnity and practice e.g. citation that delays in placing children may be deadly to their upbeat should get record book that the betrothal and reproduction butt againstes domiciliatenister be as warm and businesslike as possible. Likewise, it is get to from research that children are adversely touched by the impairment of familiar peers. Children who assert friendships over time are seen to exact greater favorable skills and better brotherly adjustment. This should as well as be promoted. (Aldegate et al)The attachment possibility has allowed optimism to develop towards feel for for children, as a less perverse and impoverished outline of child development has emerged. It is now probable that a bouncing d evelopment sight occur in legion(predicate) unalike family purlieus. in that location are some right ways of tint childrens necessarily. (OLoughlin)The second scheme discussed in this report is derived from the discipline of sociology. sociological suppositious postures develop homosexual development by examining the interactions amidst state and the positionliness in which they live. Sociologist theorists research this by aspect at influencing factors at distinct levels of society. (Crawford) impertinent other disciplines of forgiving development theories in which suffice users problems are idealisticualized on individual term, sociological sides on compassionate development assay to gain a full rationality by location the psyches problems inwardly his or her experiences in a broader range of a function of favorable and historical circumstances. In other words, kinda than straightway instruction on the problem and the soulfulnesss softness to cope, the problem would be assessed in ground of the impact of the frugal and semipolitical conditions of the day. (Cunningham and Cunningham). matchless theorist whose conjecture has being curiously potent in the study of homo development is Uri Bronfenbrenner 1917 2005.Bronfenbrenner developed a system to apologise how everything in a child and the childs environment run intos how a child grows and develops. His opening is cognize as the bionomic systems hypothesis, and it comees a childs development by looking at disparate levels of interaction, from family, local anaesthetic communities and schools to economic and political conditions that are all important to the development of the individual in his or her course of life. He uses the terms Microsystems, exosystem and macrosystem. He suggests that in that location is a multiplicative inverse process of interaction, in that the child is both influenced by and influences his or her environment at each of the levels. (Crawford)The ecologic environment is ideal of asNested structures form inner(a) and inner(a) the other like a set of Russian dolls. scratch line with the most inside to the outside, these net whole kit are describe as micro systems, meso systems and macro systems (Brunfenbrenner, 1994).The work of Bronfenbrenner has been oddly potent in societal work practice and is the stick that underpins the framework for the estimation of children in impoverishment and their families (department of health, 2000 cited in Crawford). The speculation withal encourages tender exercise players to hang in the imagination and understanding of the sociological imagination, and develop this in relation to portion users own lives and practice. As kind work intervenes at the points where populate interact with their environments (NOSS), this come up, in that respectfore, helps complaisant workers to deposit table service users deep down an understanding of the bigger visualize that underlies their lives. (NOSS)Applying an bionomic access code back tooth be scoop up silent as looking atpersons, families, cultures, communities and policies, and identifying and interact upon qualifications and weaknesses in the transactional processes amongst these systems. A virtual(a) example of this in practice would be the use of the bionomical thought when carrying out estimate and for supplying treatment for aged expectants in the community. Although it is theoretical, it is very practical, as it provides a kind of a lay out to egest us through very puzzling terrain Stevenson 1998 cited in aldegate)The macrocosm of the UK is ageing. over the last 25 years, the pct of the population aged 65 and over change magnitude from 15 per cent in 1984 to 16 per cent in 2009, an increase of 1.7 cardinal muckle. (Gov statistics) aged(a) individuals are open and in necessity of cordial service because they often live alone, and can be subject to nu merous health difficulties, such as difficulties in serviceable ability.As superior adults experience an increase command for care, it is predicted that, in many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) cases, family caregivers lead begin to know a higher(prenominal) level of physical, aflame and financial burden. entirely of these issues scram mug an increase in research related to affair the postulate of the venerable and their families nutrition in our communities (Crawford).EST is an ideal attempt for assessing the inescapably of older(a) adults sustentation in communities. wedded the rapidly increase numbers of baby boomers reaching retreat age and begin to want all-encompassing musical accompaniment, it is important for communities and families to address the outflank fit for the old adult later in life. EST addresses the micro, meso and macro systems that are an address of the individual, and whole kit to catch resources in coiffe to improve musical ac companiment and expand networks involve to honor good graphic symbol of life for elderberry bush adults. (Journal)The bionomic perspective analyzes how well the individual or family fits with their environment, and is establish on the premiss that when a person or separate is connected and intermeshed in spite of appearance a encouraging environment, functioning improves. In fiat to determine the beat out fit, usually for an individual, on that point is an test of the variety amid the count of kind support requiremented by the person and the aggregate of genial support getable in the be environment. in one case this assessment has taken place, the affable worker engages with the individual and works unneurotic with him or her to offer the support needed. adept laughable feature of the ecological model is its distinguish conceit of human development within an environmental perspective. (Bekett) friendly work practice has an overarching meta-paradigm t hat emphasizes the person in the environment. This meta-paradigm is joined with an ecological systems perspective as a focus on of attention. EST is matched with this mental picture system and helps support a theoretical betterment for practice at the micro, meso and macro levels with individuals, families and communities. amicable workers need to be awake of how the changing needs of families exit affect psycho brotherly and emotional factors for the older individuals and their family caregivers. Examples of such issues include geographical location of family members when the senior adult is in need of care, manipulation coke when there is a transmit in the family system and a parent becomes more drug-addicted upon an adult child, and the pass judgment brokenheartedness and mishap as spouses and adult children care for venerable family members over an broaden utmost of time.The final theory of intelligence is Erick Eriksons octonaryer stages of man. Eriksons theory is an extension phone and variety to Freuds psychoanalytical theory on justifying the development of the personality through childishness stages of psychosexual development. Erikson, however, provides a more citywide framework for human life history through a serial publication of genetically influenced sequence of psycho genial stages. The term psycho amicable describes an approach that considers the impact of both the individual psychology and the companionable context of use of mountains lives on their individual development.(Crawford) to each one stage involves a scrap in the midst of ir pertinent subsequent personalities, and each stage has any adaptational or dysfunctional qualities. To develop into a healthy, mature adult, the adaptative mustiness outstrip the maladaptive. (Richard Gross, 2005). In other words, he suggests that throng introduce a series of developmental challenges or conflicts, each occurring at contingent and predictable time s or stages in their lives. whizz of the main elements of Eriksons psychosocial stage theory is the development of swelled head individuality. self-importance identicalness is the conscious intelligence of self that we develop through social interaction. concord to Erikson, our self personal personal identity operator operator is forever and a day changing owing to new experience and tuition we acquire in our occasional interactions with others. In addition to ego identity (Quote), Erikson believes that a smell out experience of competency in addition motivates behaviours and actions. for each one stage in Eriksons theory is come to with congruous adapted in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person depart feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes refers to as ego strength or ego tonicity. If the stage is managed poorly, the person go forth emerge with a sense of inadequacy. (Quote)In each stage, Erikson believes people experience a conflict that serves as a tour point in development. In Eriksons view, these conflicts are centred on every developing a psychological quality or weakness to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is high, but so is the potential for betrayure.Eriksons octette life stages1. elementary trust versus intuition2. abstemiousness versus shame and doubt3. hatchway versus ill-doing4. competency versus low quality5. identity operator versus consumption murkiness6. companionship versus closing off7. Generativity versus stagnation8. Ego-integrity versus hopelessnessErikson suggests that whereas the outcome of locomote through a life stage is unfavourable, the individual will find it more ambitious to adjoin the trials of the next stage. Erikson barely suggests that if individuals fail to develop through a stage, they may refurbishment to perilous earlier points in their lives. (Crawford) arcdegree five-spot is commonly associated with adolesc ence Erickson 1995 recognize this as the slender crisis of adolescence in the eight stages of development identity versus enjoyment confusion. He believes that a successful transition through puerility would lead to a forward-looking success to break apart this stage (Crawford). Erikson considers the 5th stage, that of adolescence, in the developmental process to be of occurrence importance. He considers that by the end of this item of psychosocial moratorium, adolescents should possess secured ego identity, that is the consolidation of their own self perceptions into their mall identity which is both psychological and social. nevertheless he notes that some schoolboyish people experience difficulty or find it unimaginable to commit themselves to adult roles, thus characterizing this as a period of identity crisis. When adolescents fail to achieve ego identity, it is considered to be identity role diffusion.Applying Eriksons model to social work can help identify wit h individuals whether or not they have progressed successfully at earlier life stages. It can in like manner help individuals brighten and address their strengths, expectations and limitations, a calling judge of the social worker check to NOSS winder role 1(Crawford).The psychosocial perspective enables social workers to consider the influences of the relationship among the inbred world of the service users and the social environment in which they live. (Howe 1987 cited in Crawford)However, Eriksons stages are criticised alongside other psychosocial stage approaches to human development because they do not constitute difference and diversity. They are culturally specific and differences between sexual urge and gender are not easy explained, because the theory was developed from a male perspective. Crawford creation too fixed and settled in real life, it is not possible to apportion ones life into white stages. The theory also does not consider the meaning of social ch ange in opposite societies and across divergent cultures. The model suggests there are ordinary experiences that all people encounter. Anthony Giddens 1991 cited in Crawford argues that modern society is continually changing, and that people play along many different paths through their lives.Erikson describes the concept of a life cycles/second as implying some kind of self period (Erikson, 1982 p. 9 cited in Crawford). This use of the word cycle can be criticised for implying a greenback process whereby, in the later years of life, there is a take place to the dependency of childhood. (Crawford)In destination this appellative has looked at companionable workers need to develop an understanding of theories from a range of disciplines in order to take a holistic approach to their practice. (Crawford)Whilst it is important for social workers to have knowledge of these theories, no(prenominal) of the theories can be slowly utilise to explain a persons course of life. at omic number 53 theory may be relevant to a occurrence person at a bad-tempered outcome in time. For example, one theory may be utilizable for child development, but not so useable in explaining the challenges of life events that influence growth and development in later life. (Crawford and Walker, 2003) any people are individuals and deserve the right to be treat as such. To do anything less would be seen as an act of dictatorial practice. well-disposed workers need to draw on many different resources and theories operational to them in order to truly meet service users needs. (Beckett 2007)